Computational Modeling of Neuromuscular Control of Voluntary Single Joint Movement

...............................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgements.............................................................................................................iv List of Illustrations:............................................................................................................vii Abbreviations: ..................................................................................................................... x Introduction: ........................................................................................................................ 1 Hypotheses: ......................................................................................................................... 2 Literature Review: .............................................................................................................. 3 I. Muscle models ............................................................................................................. 3 i. Extrafusal fibers ........................................................................................................ 3 ii. Riener and Quintern(RQ) model of muscle ............................................................ 5 iii. Intrafusal fibers ...................................................................................................... 9 iv. Mileusnic et al. model .......................................................................................... 10 v. Golgi Tendon Organ .............................................................................................. 13 vi.VA model .............................................................................................................. 13 vii. α-γ Co-activation and β Motoneurons ................................................................. 15 viii. Discussion .......................................................................................................... 15 II. Joint model ............................................................................................................... 16 i. Single joint model................................................................................................... 17 ii. Multi-joint model .................................................................................................. 19 iii. Discussion ............................................................................................................ 20 III. Involuntary CNS ..................................................................................................... 20 i. VITE-FLETE-CBM (Part 1) .................................................................................. 23 ii. Cerebellum ............................................................................................................ 29 iii. VITE-FLETE-CBM (Part 2) ................................................................................ 30 iv. VITE-FLETE-CBM Results ................................................................................. 32 v. CMAC ................................................................................................................... 32 vi. Cortical VITE ....................................................................................................... 33 IV. Voluntary CNS ........................................................................................................ 37 i. Basal Ganglia.......................................................................................................... 38 ii. Prefrontal Cortex ................................................................................................... 39 iii. Parietal Cortex ...................................................................................................... 40 iv. Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area................................................ 41 v. Basal ganglia thalamocortical model .................................................................. 42 vi. Adaptive Resonance Theory................................................................................. 46 vii. TELOS model...................................................................................................... 50 viii. LIST PARSE ...................................................................................................... 55 ix. lisTELOS .............................................................................................................. 58 Simulation Results and Discussion: .................................................................................. 60 I. VITE-FLETE-CBM ................................................................................................... 60 vi II. Cortical VITE model ................................................................................................ 63 III. Combined update VITE and FLETE-CBM model ................................................. 66 IV. Contreras-Vidal & Stelmach (CVS) Basal Ganglia Model .................................... 70 V. LIST PARSE ............................................................................................................ 71 VI. lisTELOS modified ................................................................................................. 73 Conclusions: ...................................................................................................................... 79 Bibliography: .................................................................................................................... 84